Dauntless Software - Ground School

Hello and welcome!

We've worked very hard to produce what we think to be the best way to prepare for your TC written exam - our GroundSchool Canada series of test prep software. We hope that you will download it and give it a try. If you like it, please register it--relative to other test prep solutions, it's quite inexpensive. We're doing what we can do give you the resources to be a safe and effective pilot who will also pass his tests without too much difficulty!

This section has a real abundance of information pertaining to TC exams (start at the index below). It is a lot to read, and some if it is dry information from the CARs. However, do take the time to skim this over--it will give you a good general idea of what to expect. Also not to be missed is the list of abbreviations and acronyms towards the bottom.

As always, if there's anything we can do to improve the software, please don't hesitate in contacting us via our website, CanadaPilot.com. As always, we very much appreciate your spreading the word about this software. As you might imagine, we are a very small company, and value each customer.

Blue Skies, and Good Luck on Your Test!

Nikolas, Adrian, and the other flight instructors and authors of CanadaPilot.com

The first step to preparing for either your Private Pilot License or your Recreation Pilot Permit is the completion of the PSTAR exam. The PSTAR exam is comprised mainly of questions relating to air regulations. This exam is compulsory prior to your first solo flight and will be completed at the flight school you have chosen to conduct your training or at a regional Transport Canada office. Additionally, foreign licenceholders wishing to convert to a Canadian license must generally take the PSTAR as well.

You need to score very highly on the PSTAR to pass - 90% or better. Fortunately, our software gives you the EXACT QUESTIONS (or something very close to them) that you will see on the PSTAR. Our software should be well suited to your memorizing the questions.

Pass Mark
90% and the examination will be corrected to 100% by the training unit or, where the examination is written in a Transport Canada facility, by a feedback letter.

About the Test - Recreational Pilot Permit
The Recreational Pilot Permit Exam is very similar to the Private Pilot Exam. It omits some of the more complex questions contained within the Private Pilot Exam. This exam is compulsory prior to obtaining your Recreational Pilot Permit. The exam may be taken prior to your flight test or within 12 months following your flight test date. It is a Transport Canada exam and must be taken at a regional office. You will also be required to produce the appropriate medical certificate as required by the CARs.

For the most part, these days the exam is given on computer. The software for the computer-based administration is very straightforward and even offers you a chance at a short tutorial before you take the real thing. You should not fear the test center software, even if your computer skills are limited (actually, if you've gotten this far that you're reading this, you should have absolutely zero problems.)

It stands to note that you need to get not just an overall 60%, but a 60% in all subject areas individually as well to pass. You will notice that our software doesn't explicitly fail you if you fail a subject area (though it does track and report your progress by study area). This is a consequence of the flexibility of our software--there are so many learning and study configurations possible that the software doesn't want to presume anything about what you're doing at any moment. Leave it up to yourself to ensure that you're scoring highly. We generally recommend that you should be able to get 85% or higher in all study areas before taking the real thing.

Pass Mark
60% overall, as well as a minimum of 60% in each of the subject areas.

The Private Pilot License Exam is compulsory prior to obtaining your Private Pilot License. This exam may be taken following the completion of a minimum ten hours of flight instruction. The exam may be taken prior to your flight test or within 12 months following your flight test date. It is a Transport Canada exam and must be taken at a regional office with a recommendation from a flight instructor. You will also be required to produce the appropriate medical certificate as required by the CARs.

Pass Mark
60% overall, as well as a minimum of 60% in each of the subject areas.

We've worked really hard to develop the software and the associated content. Together, they form a powerful, proven tool for preparing for TC flight crew exams that offer all of the content of a book with much greater study efficiency.

Like any tool, however, the true usefulness stems from the user. You will do well on your TC exam if and only if you use the program conscientiously. It doesn't have to be a lot--perhaps half an hour a night for a few weeks, but the work has to be good.

Our software is best used in conjunction with the following items, which you can purchase from your local flight shop:

You will have noticed by now that there are a good number of options for you to tweak and consider. Do experiment until you find combinations that work for you. When you're actually practicing, take special care to read the explanations that we offer to the various questions--in many ways these are the core of the software and by reading the explanations we feel that you can get the most value from this product. No other Canadian product that we know of offers this in anywhere near the depth that we do.

Once you are satisfied with your attainment of skills, you can always print out a copy of a score report from the program to take to your flight school or flight instructor.

The following is the "straight from the horse's mouth" list of requirements to take an exam.

The invigilator shall confirm that the applicant meets the admission requirements. The CARs state the requirements as:

CAR 401.13: Prior to taking a written examination, an applicant for a flight crew permit, license or rating shall meet the prerequisites for the examination set out in the personnel licensing standards with respect to

CAR 421.13(1): For admission to a written examination required for the issue of a permit, license or rating an applicant shall have met the medical standards for the issue of the permit, license or rating and shall produce proof of medical fitness in one of the following forms:

NOTE: To have an on-line examination downloaded, the applicant must have been issued a file number from Transport Canada. This six-digit number is shown on a License, Permit, Medical Certificate, or Medical Assessment Letter issued by Transport Canada. It is insufficient for a new student pilot to sign a Medical Declaration at the time of examination, as Transport Canada will have no record of the individual and will be unable to store the examination results.

CAR 421.13(2): For admission to a written examination, proof of identification shall be required in the form of a permit, license or other official document bearing the signature or photograph of the candidate.

NOTE: Proof of identification will be required from candidates before they are permitted to write an examination. Proof may be in the form of a permit, license, or other official document bearing a photograph. AEIs will not be expected to confirm identification by signature comparisons.

CAR 421.13(3): For admission to a written examination required for the issue of a permit, license or rating, the candidate shall produce a recommendation, as follows:

NOTE: A letter of recommendation shall identify the recommending Flight Training Unit or Freelance Instructor. It may also attest to the experience requirement (below).

Experience
CAR 421.13(4): To be eligible to attempt a written examination required for the issue of a flight crew permit, license or rating, proof that the experience and training requirements set out below have been met must be provided:

The following list was compiled by TC. Some of it is pretty self-evident, but it is thorough and complete. It is worth reading now, a few days before your exam, and the morning of the exam.

These exam writing tips have been compiled as a result of a group workshop held during Instructor Refresher Course #147 (Toronto, May 1998). It is hoped that this list will be useful to candidates preparing for and writing a Transport Canada flight crew examination.

Yes! You can use electronic flight computers for your test, provided that the user-memory has been demonstrably cleared. The following computers are approved for use on the test: It is not at all mandatory to have an electronic flight computer--a cardstock flight computer will do.

CAR 400.02(3): A person who uses a handheld calculator during an examination shall use a handheld calculator whose memory is cleared before and after the examination in the presence of the invigilator.

CAR 400.02(4): A person who uses a handheld electronic computer during an examination shall use a hand-held electronic computer

A pocket electronic calculator may include those with a tape printout. Upon completion of a written examination, all printout material shall be given to the invigilator.
A pocket electronic computer secifically designed for flight operations may include a self-prompting type.

No computer capable of being used to type or store a significant quantity of language text will be approved.

The following electronic computers have been approved for use with all flight crew written examinations requiring numerical computations.

* Note: to clear the memory on the unit indicated with an asterisk, remove and reinsert all batteries

On completion of the examination, the CDE software will provide a feedback letter showing the score and indicating the weak knowledge areas. The recommending FTU (Chief Flight Instructor) or recommending instructor may be advised of the results, on request, as they are recorded with the results. Other persons shall only be informed of an individual’s written examination results with the written consent of the candidate.

All written examinations must be completed during the 24 month period immediately preceding the date of application for a permit or licence. Any mandatory subject areas that were successfully completed on the main examination, when a partial pass was obtained, must be rewritten if they go beyond the 24 month period.

If you use our software conscientiously, statistically speaking, you are quite unlikely to fail. In the unlikely event that you do...

Failure of an Examination and Partial Passes
Flight crew written examinations are divided into two categories, non-sectionalized and sectionalized examinations. Recreational Pilot Permit – Aeroplane, and Private Pilot Licence – Aeroplane and Helicopter use sectionalized examinations (titled RPPAE, PPAER and PPHEL). All other recreational level licences and permits use non-sectionalized examinations (e.g. PIBAL, GLIDE or ULTRA) Successful completion of a non-sectionalized examination requires that an applicant obtain an overall pass mark. When a candidate fails, for licensing purposes, the examination shall be rewritten in its entirety.

Successful completion of a sectionalized examination requires that an applicant write the complete paper and obtain an overall pass mark as well as a pass mark in each of the four mandatory subject areas. When a candidate obtains less than a pass mark on the overall examination, for licensing purposes, the candidate
shall rewrite the complete paper. An applicant who obtains a pass mark on a sectionalized examination but who fails one or more mandatory subject areas will be assessed a partial pass and for licensing purposes, will rewrite supplementary examinations during one sitting for the failed section or sections. This will be indicated on the feedback letter.

A supplementary examination is categorized as a non-sectionalized examination and is scored accordingly. All required supplementary examinations shall continue to be written in one sitting until each is passed.

NOTE: When writing more than one supplementary examination, the maximum time allowed shall be the sum of the times indicated on the exam covers, but not to exceed the total time allowed for the main examination (e.g. 3 hours for the PPAER, PPHEL or RPPAE)

Rewrite Waiting Period
An applicant who fails an examination required for the issue of any personnel permit or licence may be reexamined on the same subject at intervals specified in CAR 400.04. Further training may or may not be required at the discretion of the Regional Manager, General Aviation or by Transport Canada licensing personnel authorized by the Manager.

CAR 400.02(1): Except as authorized by an invigilator, no person shall, or shall attempt to, in respect of
a written examination,

CAR 400.02(2): A person who does any act that is prohibited by subsection 1 is, for one year after the
date of the act or for such lesser period as may be determined by the Minister, ineligible to take an
examination required for the issuance of a permit or licence or for the endorsement of a permit or licence
with a rating.

An examination invigilator may clarify the procedure or content of the examination for the persons
undertaking it.

The abbreviations and acronyms listed below may be used throughout Transport Canada's flight crew written examinations. Not all abbreviations and/or acronyms may apply to your test.

AAE — above aerodrome elevation
ACA — Arctic Control Area
ACAS — airborne collision avoidance system
ACC — area control centre
AD — airworthiness directive
ADF — automatic direction finder, or automatic direction-finding equipment
ADIZ — air defence identification zone
AGL — above ground level
A.I.P. — aeronautical information publication
AIRMET — short-term meteorological information
AME — aircraft maintenance engineer
APU — auxiliary power unit
ARCAL — aircraft radio control of aerodrome lighting
ASDA — accelerate stop distance available
ASI — airspeed indicator
ASL — above sea level
ASR — airport surveillance radar
ATC — air traffic control
ATF — aerodrome traffic frequency
ATIS — automatic terminal information service
ATPL — airline transport pilot licence
ATS — air traffic services
AWOS — automated weather observation systems

C — Celsius
CAP — Canada Air Pilot
CARS — community aerodrome radio station
CARs — Canadian Aviation Regulations
CAS — calibrated airspeed
CAT — clear air turbulence
CDI — course deviation indicator
CFI — chief flying instructor
CFS — Canada Flight Supplement
C of A — certificate of airworthiness
C of G — centre of gravity
C of P — centre of pressure
C of R — certificate of registration
CMNPS — Canadian minimum navigation performance specifications
CMNPSA — Canadian minimum navigation performance specifications airspace
CP — critical point
CPL — commercial pilot licence
CRFI — Canadian Runway Friction Index
cu. ft. — cubic feet
CVFR — controlled VFR flight
CVR — cockpit voice recorder
CZ — control zone

DF — direction finder
DH — decision height
DME — distance measuring equipment
DOT — Department of Transport
DR — dead reckoning
DVFR — defence visual flight rules

EAT — expected approach time
EFC — expected further clearance time
EGT — exhaust gas temperature
ELT — emergency locator transmitter
EPR — engine pressure ratio
ESCAT — emergency security control of air traffic
ETA — estimated time of arrival
ETD — estimated time of departure
ETOPS — extended range twin-engine operations
EWH — eye-to-wheel height

FAA — Federal Aviation Administration (U.S.)
FD — upper level wind and temperature forecasts
FDR — flight data recorder
FIG — Flight Instructor Guide
FIR — flight information region
FL — flight level
FMS — flight management system
FPD — freezing point depressant
fpm — feet per minute
FSS — flight service station
ft. — feet

g — accelerating force of gravity (32 ft./sec/sec)
gal. — gallon(s)
GASA — geographic area safe altitude
GFA — graphic area forecast
GNSS — global navigation satellite system
GP — glide path
gph — gallons per hour
GPS — global positioning system
G/S — ground speed

HAA — height above aerodrome
HAT — height above touchdown
HE — Enroute High Altitude chart
HF — high frequency
HF AM/SSB — high frequency amplitude modulation/ single side band
hp — horsepower
hPa — hectopascal
h — hour
HSI — horizontal situation indicator

IAF — initial approach fix
IAS — indicated airspeed
ICAO — International Civil Aviation Organization
IFR — instrument flight rules
ILS — instrument landing system
IMC — instrument meteorological conditions
imp. — imperial
in. — inch(es)
in. lb. — inch pound
in. Hg — inches of mercury
INS — inertial navigation system
ISA — International Standard Atmosphere
ISO — International Organization for Standardization

LAHSO — land and hold short operations
lb. — pound(s)
L/D ratio — lift/drag ratio
LDA — landing distance available
LEMAC — leading edge of mean aerodynamic chord
LF/MF — low frequency/medium frequency
LO — Enroute Low Altitude chart

M — magnetic
MAC — mean aerodynamic chord
MAP — missed approach point
mb — millibar(s)
MC — medical certificate (formerly LVC)
MDA — minimum descent altitude
MEA — minimum en route altitude
MEL — minimum equipment list
METAR — aviation routine weather report
MF — mandatory frequency
MHz — megahertz
MNPS — minimum navigation performance specifications
MNPSA — minimum navigation performance specifications airspace
MOCA — minimum obstruction clearance altitude
MP — manifold pressure
MPH — mile(s) per hour
MRA — minimum reception altitude
MSL — mean sea level
MVFR — marginal visual flight rules

N1/Ng — gas generator turbine RPM
N2/Np — power turbine RPM
NAVAID — navigation aid
NDB — non-directional beacon
NM — nautical mile(s)
NOTAM — notice containing aeronautical information
NORDO — no radio

PAPI — precision approach path indicator
PAR — precision approach radar
PIC — pilot-in-command
PIREP — pilot weather report(s)
PNR — point of no return
pph — pounds per hour
PPL — private pilot licence
psi — pounds per square inch
PSR — primary surveillance radar

radar — radio detecting and ranging
RAIM — receiver autonomous integrity monitoring
RAMO — regional aviation medical officer
RCC — rescue coordination centre
RCO — remote communications outlet
RMI — radio magnetic indicator
RNAV — area navigation
rpm — revolutions per minute
RPP — recreation pilot permit
rrpm — rotor revolutions per minute
RVR — runway visual range
rwy — runway

SAE — Society of Automotive Engineers
SAR — specific air range
SELCAL — selective calling system
SGR — specific ground range
SID — standard instrument departure
SIGMET — significant meteorological information
SM — statute mile(s)
SSR — secondary surveillance radar
STAR — standard terminal arrival
STOL — short take-off and landing aircraft
SVFR — special VFR flight

T — true
TACAN — tactical air navigation aid
TAF — terminal aerodrome forecast
TAS — true airspeed
TC — Transport Canada
TCA — terminal control area
TCAS — traffic alert and collision avoidance system
TCU — terminal control unit
TDZ — touchdown zone
TEMAC — trailing edge of mean aerodynamic chord
T/O — takeoff
TODA — take-off distance available
TORA — take-off run available
TOT — turbine outlet temperature
TSB — Transportation Safety Board of Canada

UHF — ultrahigh frequency
UNICOM — universal communications
U.S. — United States
UTC — Co-Ordinated Universal Time

VASIS — visual approach slope indicator system
VDF — VHF direction-finding service
VFR — visual flight rules
VHF — very high frequency
VLF — very low frequency
VMC — visual meteorological conditions
VNC — VFR Navigation Chart
VOLMET — In-flight meteorological information
VOR — VHF omnidirectional range
VORTAC — combination of VOR and TACAN
VOT — VOR receiver test facility
VFR OTT — VFR over-the-top
VSI — vertical speed indicator
VTA — VFR Terminal Area Chart

Transport Canada lists all of the following as reference material for pilot crew examinations. While for the most part you do not need to dig into these primary sources (this software, and perhaps some supplementary material will do), we do provide it here for your reference.

Aviation Fundamentals. Englewood: Jeppesen Sanderson, 1988.
Bailey, Norman. The Helicopter Pilot's Manual. Shrewsbury: Airlife Publishing, 1992.
Balloon Federation of America. Powerline Excerpts. Washington, 1976.
Balloon Federation of America. Propane Systems. Washington, 1976.
Bell Helicopter Company. Flying Your Bell JetRanger Model 206A. Texas, 1971.
Bent, Ralph D., and James L. McKinley. Aircraft Powerplants. Montreal: McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1978.
Bent, Ralph D., and James L. McKinley. Aircraft Maintenance and Repair. Montreal: McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1980.
Brown, Gregory N. and Mark J. Holt. The Turbine Pilot's Flight Manual. Iowa: Iowa State University Press, 1996.
Cameron, Don. Ballooning Handbook. Great Britain: Fakenham Press Limited, 1980.
Canada. Department of Communications. Study Guide for the Radiotelephone Operator's Restricted Certificate (Aeronautical). Ottawa.
Canada. Department of the Environment. AWARE. Ottawa, 1990.
Canada. Department of the Environment. MANAIR — Manual of Standards and Procedures for Aviation Weather Forecasts. Ottawa.
Canada. Department of Health and Welfare. The Pilot's Guide to Medical Human Factors. Ottawa: Canada Communication Group — Publishing, 1993.
Canada. Department of National Defence. Air Command: Weather Manual. Ottawa, 1987.
Canada. Department of National Defence. Air Command: Weather Manual (supplement). Ottawa, 1987.
Canada. Department of Transport. Aeroplane — Pilot Training Record. Ottawa.
Canada. Department of Transport. Canadian Aviation Regulations (CARs) — Part 1: General Provisions (TP 12607E). Ottawa
Canada. Department of Transport. Canadian Aviation Regulations (CARs) — Part 2: Identification, Registration and Leasing of A/C (TP 12607E). Ottawa.
Canada. Department of Transport. Canadian Aviation Regulations (CARs) — Part 3: Aerodromes and Airports (TP 12607E). Ottawa.
Canada. Department of Transport. Canadian Aviation Regulations (CARs) — Part 4: Personnel Licensing and Training (TP 12607E). Ottawa.
Canada. Department of Transport. Canadian Aviation Regulations (CARs) — Part 5: Airworthiness (TP 12607E). Ottawa.
Canada. Department of Transport. Canadian Aviation Regulations (CARs) — Part 6: General Operating and Flight Rules (TP 12607E). Ottawa.
Canada. Department of Transport. Canadian Aviation Regulations (CARs) — Part 7: Commercial Air Services (TP 12607E). Ottawa.
Canada. Department of Transport. Flight Test Standards — Multi-Engine Class Ratings (TP 219E). Ottawa.
Canada. Department of Transport. Flight Test Standards — Private and Commercial Pilot Licence: Aeroplane (TP 2655E). Ottawa.
Canada. Department of Transport. Flight Test Standards — Private and Commercial Pilot Licences: Helicopters (TP 3077E). Ottawa.
Canada. Department of Transport. Helicopter — Pilot Training Record. Ottawa.
Canada. Department of Transport. Helicopter Flight Training Manual (TP 9982E). Ottawa, 1989. (Draft)
Canada. Department of Transport. When in Doubt... Ground Crew. Ottawa, 1994. [videocassette]
Canada. Department of Transport. When in Doubt... Large Aircraft. Ottawa, 1994. [videocassette]
Canada. Department of Transport. When in Doubt... Small Aircraft. Ottawa, 1994. [videocassette]
Canada. Department of Transport. Helicopter Flight Instructor Guide (TP 4818E). Ottawa, 1995.
Canada. Department of Transport. Human Factors for Aviation — Advanced Handbook (TP 12864E). Ottawa, 1996.
Canada. Department of Transport. Human Factors for Aviation — Basic Handbook (TP 12863E). Ottawa, 1996.
Canada. Department of Transport. Human Factors for Aviation — Instructor's Guide (TP 12865E). Ottawa, 1996.
Canada. Department of Transport. Instrument Procedures Manual (TP 2076E). Ottawa, 1997.
Canada. Department of Transport. Flight Instructor Guide (TP 975E). Ottawa, 1998.
Canada. Department of Transport. Flight Training Manual. Toronto: Gage Educational Publishing Company, 1999.
Canada. Department of Transport. When in Doubt… Small and Large Aircraft (TP 10643E). Ottawa, 2000.
Canada. Department of Transport. When in Doubt… Ground Crew (TP 10647E). Ottawa, 2001.
Canada. Nav Canada. A.I.P. Canada. Ottawa: Geomatics Canada.
Canada. Nav Canada. Canada Flight Supplement. Ottawa: Geomatics Canada.
Cessna Aircaft Company. Pilot Safety Warning Supplement. Wichita, 1985.
Christian, Wayne. Complete Guide To Learning and Understanding Aviation Weather Reports. Hamilton, Canada: [n.p], 2000.
Conway, Carle. The Joy of Soaring. Los Angeles: The Soaring Society of America, 1977.
Coyle, Shawn. The Art and Science of Flying Helicopters. Iowa: Iowa State University Press, 1996.
Croucher, Phil. Canadian Professional Pilot Studies. Electrocution Technical Publishers.
Davies, D. P. Handling the Big Jets. London: Civil Aviation Authority, 1977.
France. Ministère des Transports. Le pilotage des Montgolfières. Toulouse, Cepadues-Editions, 1985.
From the Ground Up. Ottawa: Aviation Publishers, 2000.
Green, Roger G., et al. Human Factors for Pilots. Vermont: Avebury Technical, 1991.
Harrison, Jean-Pierre. Principles of Helicopter Flight. Texas: Pilot Training Publications, 1993.
Hawkins, Frank H. Human Factors in Flight. England: Gower Technical Press, 1987.
Hval, Brian. Practical Ballooning. Calgary: Calgary Board of Continuing Education, 1977.
Instrument Rating Manual. Englewood: Jeppesen Sanderson, 1988.
International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). Circular 213-AN/130 — Pilot Skills to Make "Look-out" More Effective in Visual Collision Avoidance.Montreal, 1989.
International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). Human Factors — Digest No. 1: Fundamental Human Factors Concepts. Montreal, 1989.
International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). Human Factors — Digest No. 2: Flight Crew Training: Cockpit Resource Management (CRM) and Line-Oriented Flight Training (Loft). Montreal, 1989.
International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). Human Factors — Digest No. 3: Training of Operational Personnel in Human Factors. Montreal, 1991.
Johnson Kent and John Mullock. Aviation Weather Hazards of British Columbia and the Yukon. Canada: Minister of Environment, 1996.
Kermode, A. C. Mechanics of Flight. Hong Kong: Longman Scientific and Technical, 1987.
Kermode, A. C. Flight Without Formulae. Hong Kong: Longman Scientific and Technical, 1989.
Kershner, William K. The Advanced Pilot's Flight Manual. Iowa: Iowa State University Press, 1987.
Kershner, William K. The Instrument Flight Manual. Ames: Iowa State University Press, 1991.
Lester, Peter F. Aviation Weather. Englewood: Jeppesen Sanderson, 1995.
Loftus, W.C.E. Flying the Rotors. Ontario: W.C.E. Loftus Reg'd., 1986.
Norwood, Amogene. Taming the Gentle Giant. United Sates: Land O'Sky Aeronautics, 1986.
O'Hare, David and Stanley Roscoe. Flightdeck Performance, The Human Factor. Ames: Iowa State University Press, 1990.
Pratt & Whitney's. The Aircraft Gas Turbine Engine and its Operation. United States: United Technologies, 1988.
Private Pilot Manual. Denver: Jeppesen Sanderson, Inc., 1979.
Propane Gas Association of Canada. Working with Propane: Dispensing Product - 100-1-88 Self-Teaching Training Programme. [N.p.], [n.p.], [n.d.].
Prouty, R. W. Helicopter Aerodynamics. Potomac: Phillips Publishing, 1985.
Prud'homme, Scott. Working with Propane Dispensing Product. Aurora: AudioVision Productions.
Pultz, Bruce L. Instrument Ratings Manual. Penhold: Aviation Publications, 1991.
Raletz, Roger. Théorie élémentaire de l'Hélicoptère, Toulouse, Cépadues Éditions, 1988.
Randall Padfield, R. Learning to Fly Helicopters. Blue Ridge Summit: Tab Books, 1992.
Smith, H. C. The Illustrated Guide to Aerodynamics. Montreal: Tab Books, 1992.
Stockwell, Brent and Christine Kalakuka. Balloon Instructor’s Manual. Oakland, Balloon Publishing Company, 1994.
Stockwell, Brent and Christine Kalakuka. How To Fly A Balloon: The Balloonist`s Resource. Oakland, Balloon Publishing Company, 1994.
Stockwell, Brent, Christine Kalakuka and Mary Grady. Balloon Ground School Home Study Manual. Oakland, Balloon Publishing Company, 1994.
Telfer, Ross A. Aviation Instruction and Training. Brookfield: Ashgate, 1993.
The Soaring Association of Canada. Soaring Instruction Manual. Ottawa, 1980.
The Soaring Association of Canada. Soar and Learn to Fly Gliders. Ottawa, 1994.
Thom, Trevor. Air Pilot’s Training Manual Volume 1: Flying Training. England, Airlife Publishing, 1997.
Trollip, Stanley R., and Richard S Jensen. Human Factors for General Aviation. Englewood: Jeppesen Sanderson, 1991.
United States. Department of Transportation. Basic Helicopter Handbook. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1973.
United States. Department of Transportation. Rotorcraft Flying Handbook. Washington, U.S. Government Printing Office, 2000.
Van Sickle, Neil D. Modern Airmanship. Toronto: Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, 1971.
Wagtendonk, W.J. Principles of Helicopter Flight. Washington: Aviation Theory Center, 1996.
Webb, Jim. Fly the Wing. Iowa: Iowa State University Press, 1990.
Weiner, Nagel. Human Factors in Aviation. San Diego: Academic Press, 1988.